Showing posts with label Public Health. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Public Health. Show all posts

Thursday, July 26, 2012

Copper Alloy can Kill Harmful Bacteria like E. Coli in Food

Traditionally, in Odisha, food was being served in plates made up of copper alloy. We have seen saints using copper alloy pots to store water and drink from it.

Unfortunately, after stainless steel is popularized, those are gradually replaced; and now hardly we see any serving in copper utensils. Those people who had such utensils have managed to keep those stored somewhere in the corner of their house as non performing assets.

We should not think that the copper alloy utensils were used by our forefathers without any reason. They might have rightly picked up the metal for its health benefits.

Sometime back, it was in news that copper surfaces in hospitals help to prevent hospital borne infection to spread.

Now, in a recent research, it has been proved that copper alloy helps to kill bacteria like E. Coli, those are responsible for food poisoning in a number of cases.

Copper mixed with metals such as nickel, iron, chromium, phosphorous and tin that varied in their copper concentration from 60 to 99.9 percent kills susceptible bacteria.

Copper is harmful to bacteria because it reacts with oxygen present in the atmosphere, a process called oxidation that produces a residue, which is toxic to some bacteria. Oxidation is what makes pure copper change in color over time from a rusty gold to a watery green.

The bacteria cells sometimes died out on copper surfaces within hours, while they survived for up to two weeks on stainless steel.

Pure copper may also be toxic to human, but we can go back and use it in form of an alloy as our predecessors used it; and get the health benefits.

Published in MedicalXpress

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Thursday, July 28, 2011

Swimming Pool Blues

Swimming is undoubtedly an excellent exercise for all ages and a habit of many. It is very much helpful in reducing weight and keeps joints free.
A boy in a children's swimming pool.Image via Wikipedia
The hygiene of indoor pool water is of much importance especially when pools used by many. It is traditionally achieved by adding chlorine and bromine to water.
Other methods like Advanced oxidation process (AOP), though available is not adopted by many.
There are several independent researches on the damaging effect of swimming pool disinfectants, which point to possible DNA damage from the by- products of disinfectants (DBP) like chlorine and bromine.
Chlorine in water produces hypochlorous acid and sodium hypochlorite which act against pathogens in water.
These chemicals react with urine, sweat, cells from body and cosmetics of the swimmers to produce harmful substances; which may cause DNA damage. That may increase the risk of cancer.
Recently, researchers have substantiated that a potentially harmful DBP haloacetic acids (HAAs) appear in the urine of swimmers within 30 minutes after exposure to chlorinated water
Government regulations in the United States and Europe limit the levels of HAAs that can appear in drinking water, purified mainly by chlorination method.
The limits stem from research suggesting that elevated levels of HAAs in municipal drinking water supplies may be linked to birth defects and a higher incidence of some cancers.
Swimming pool water may contain higher levels of HAA due to recirculation systems that lengthen water's exposure to chlorine and provide more time for HAAs to form.
The HAAs appear 20-30 minutes after exposure to water and gets eliminated from body within three hours.
These DBPs enter body mostly from inadvertent drinking of pool water; absorption through skin and inhalation of exhaled breath of swimmers to a lesser extent.
Children are more likely than adults to have a high concentration of HAAs after swimming.
It has been seen that after 40 minutes swimming there is fivefold rise in two mutagenic markers from exhaled breath, which have been associated with cancer risk in healthy subjects.
Another group of researchers found increase in at least one genotoxic substance, serum CC16 in volunteers who inhale the exhaled breath of swimmers rich in DBPs ( trihalomethanes). This indicates increases lungs tissue permeability, which may also be exercise induced.
Further the researchers identified 100 DBPs in swimming pool water some of which are not chemically identified.
Though swimming is not to be discouraged; at the same time swimming pool safety rules must be followed strictly.
· Taking preliminary bath,
· Not urinating in pool water,
· Not swallowing pool water and
· Wearing dress as specified.
· Further chlorination as a method of disinfection may be dispensed with in favor of AOP and other safe methods of disinfection.
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